hello everyone! Today, let's talk about the "star player" in the sewage treatment industry - hydrolysis acidification tank. This thing may seem unremarkable, but it plays a crucial role in the sewage treatment process as a bridge between the past and the future! Simply put, it is like the appetizer of a sewage treatment plant, breaking down the large molecules and difficult to degrade pollutants in the sewage into smaller pieces, making it easier to enjoy the subsequent treatment process. Next, let's break it open and crush it to see what hydrolysis and acidification tanks are available on the market, and what their respective abilities are!
1、 What is the purpose of a hydrolysis acidification tank?
Before delving into the different types of hydrolysis acidification tanks, let's first talk about their basic principles. The process of hydrolysis and acidification is actually the process of microorganisms "eating a big meal". The organic matter in the sewage is like tightly wrapped "gift packages" that ordinary microorganisms cannot chew, but there is a group of "professional unpackers" - anaerobic microorganisms living in the hydrolysis and acidification tank. They first hydrolyze large organic molecules (such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) into small molecules, and then further convert them into fatty acids, alcohols, carbon dioxide, and other more easily processed substances through acidification. This process does not require oxygen and can reduce the load of subsequent processing, it's a win-win situation!
2、 Classic model: Ordinary anaerobic hydrolysis acidification tank
The most basic hydrolysis acidification tank is like a "big bucket". Wastewater flows in from the bottom of the pool and leisurely sways inside, fully interacting with microorganisms. Pools are usually filled with some fillers, like building a "small apartment" for microorganisms to firmly adhere to and "work" peacefully.
This type of pond has a simple structure, low cost, and is suitable for treating wastewater with relatively stable water quality and small water volume, such as wastewater from small food processing plants and livestock farms. But it also has its drawbacks: the flow of sewage in the pool is not very regular, which can easily lead to "short circuits" - some sewage runs out before being fully treated, and the treatment efficiency is not very stable.
3、 Upgraded version: Upflow hydrolysis acidification tank
In order to overcome the shortcomings of ordinary hydrolysis acidification tanks, engineers have developed an upward flow hydrolysis acidification tank. This pool is like a 'vertical runway', where sewage flows upwards from the bottom, and microorganisms and sewage meet in reverse flow, resulting in longer contact time and more complete reaction.
A three-phase separator will also be installed in the pool, which is like an "intelligent sorter" that can separate the biogas, sludge, and purified sewage generated during the treatment process. Biogas can be collected as energy, and sludge can be returned to the tank to continue its function. In this way, not only is the treatment efficiency improved, but also the recycling of resources is achieved! This type of pond is particularly suitable for treating high concentration organic wastewater, such as wastewater from breweries and starch factories.
4、 Flexible contestant: hydrolysis acidification aerobic composite reactor
If the first two are "fighting alone", then the hydrolysis acidification aerobic composite reactor is a "team battle". It integrates hydrolysis acidification and subsequent aerobic treatment (processes that require oxygen participation) into one reactor, separated by partitions or special fillers in the middle.
The sewage is first hydrolyzed and acidified in the "slimming" zone, turning into small molecule organic matter, and then directly "transferred" to the aerobic zone, where it is thoroughly decomposed by aerobic microorganisms. This design saves floor space, reduces pipeline connections, and improves overall treatment efficiency, making it particularly suitable for sewage treatment plants with limited space. For example, some urban sewage treatment plants often use this type of composite reactor.
5、 High efficiency representative: Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)
The anaerobic baffle reactor may sound a bit high-end, but its principle is actually very grounded. It's like a 'maze', where the pool is divided into multiple small chambers with baffles, and sewage must wander around like a maze. The advantage of this design is that it prolongs the residence time of sewage in the pool, giving microorganisms more opportunities to decompose organic matter.
Each chamber is equivalent to an independent hydrolysis and acidification unit, and microorganisms can also "divide and cooperate" according to the environmental characteristics of different locations. ABR has strong impact resistance, and can maintain stable treatment effects even if the incoming water quality and quantity suddenly change. It is particularly suitable for treating industrial wastewater with complex components and large fluctuations, such as wastewater from pharmaceutical factories and printing and dyeing factories.
6、 Innovative black technology: membrane biological hydrolysis acidification reactor
With the development of technology, membrane biological hydrolysis acidification reactors are shining brightly! It combines membrane separation technology with hydrolysis acidification process, which is equivalent to adding a "super filter" to the hydrolysis acidification tank. This "filter screen" (membrane component) can quickly separate microorganisms from the treated water, allowing microorganisms to stay in the pool and continue working, while the treated water is directly discharged.
The biggest advantage of this reactor is its extremely high processing efficiency! Due to the membrane's retention effect, the pool can maintain a high concentration of microorganisms, greatly accelerating the reaction rate and resulting in cleaner effluent quality. However, its cost is relatively high and the requirements for maintenance and management are also strict. It is generally used in situations where water quality is particularly high, such as electronic industry wastewater treatment.
