General Provisions: In order to strengthen the equipment management, process management, and water quality management of sewage treatment, ensure the safe and normal operation of sewage treatment, achieve the purpose of purifying water quality, treating and disposing of sludge, and protecting the environment, this regulation is formulated. The operation, maintenance, and safety of sewage treatment should not only comply with this regulation, but also with the relevant national standards currently in effect. 1, General Requirements 1.1 Operational Management Requirements 1 Operations management personnel must be familiar with the operational requirements and technical indicators of the processing technology, facilities, and equipment in the factory. 2. Operators must understand the processing technology of the factory, be familiar with the operating requirements and technical indicators of the facilities and equipment in their position. 3. Each position should have a process system network diagram, safety operating procedures, etc., which should be prominently displayed. 4. Operation management personnel and operators should inspect the operation of structures, equipment, electrical appliances, and instruments as required. 5. Operators of each position should keep timely operation records. The data should be accurate and error free. When operators discover abnormal operation, they should promptly handle or report to the competent department. 7. All kinds of mechanical equipment should be kept clean, without water leakage, air leakage, etc. 8. The weir mouth and pool wall of water treatment structures should be kept clean and intact. According to the requirements of different mechanical and electrical equipment, regular inspections should be carried out to add or replace lubricating oil or grease. 1.2 Safety Operation Requirements 1 Operators and maintenance personnel in each position must undergo technical training and production practice, and pass the examination before they can take up their posts. 2. The device should be started after preparing for startup. When the power supply voltage is greater or less than 5% of the rated voltage, it is not advisable to start the motor. 4. When opening and closing electrical switches, operators should follow the electrician's operating procedures. 5. When repairing various equipment, power must be cut off and a maintenance label should be hung at the switch before operation. 6. In rainy or snowy weather, operators should pay attention to anti-skid when inspecting or operating on structures. 7. Clean the mechanical and electrical equipment and the surrounding environment. It is strictly prohibited to wipe the operating parts of the equipment, and the flushing water must not splash onto the cable heads, live parts of the motor, and lubrication parts. 8. Operators at all positions should wear complete personal protective equipment and take safety precautions. 9. Protective and life-saving equipment and supplies should be provided in prominent locations on the structure. 10. Non staff members are strictly prohibited from opening or closing the mechanical and electrical equipment of their respective positions.
1.3 Maintenance Requirements 1 Operations management personnel and maintenance personnel should be familiar with the maintenance regulations for mechanical and electrical equipment. 2. Regular inspections, maintenance, and anti-corrosion treatment should be carried out on the structure of the building and various gate valves, guardrails, ladders, pipelines, etc., and damaged lighting equipment should be replaced in a timely manner. 3. Various equipment connectors should be regularly inspected and tightened, and vulnerable parts of couplings should be replaced regularly. 4. Various pipeline gate valves should undergo regular opening and closing tests. 5. Electrical control cabinets should be regularly inspected and cleaned, and their various technical performance should be tested. 6. The limit switch and manual and electric interlocking devices of the electric gate valve should be checked regularly. 7. After each pump stop, the sealing condition of the packing or oil seal should be checked and necessary treatment should be carried out. And add or replace fillers, lubricating oil, and grease as needed. 8. Any device equipped with a steel wire rope must be replaced if the wear of the rope exceeds 10% of the original diameter, or if one strand has already broken. 9. In addition to daily maintenance, various mechanical equipment should also undergo major, medium, and minor repairs according to design requirements or manufacturer's requirements. When repairing various types of mechanical equipment, it is necessary to ensure their coaxiality, static balance, and other technical requirements according to the requirements of the equipment. 11. Lubricating oil, grease, laboratory wastewater, and other debris replaced from maintenance equipment shall not be thrown into sewage treatment facilities. When repairing mechanical equipment, temporary power lines must not be arbitrarily overlapped. 13. The testing, maintenance, and cycle of lightning and explosion protection devices for buildings, structures, etc. shall comply with the regulations of the power and fire departments. 14. Fire protection equipment and other protective gear should be regularly inspected and replaced.
2, Operating procedures for each system
Operating procedures for pH regulating tank, reaction tank, and flocculation tank. 1. Turn on the raw water pump to pump the sewage into the pH regulating tank, and at the same time, open the inlet valve to keep the water in a stirred state, keeping the inlet valve open at all times. 2. Turn on the ferrous sulfate pump and PAM pump, and adjust the dosage of ferrous sulfate and PAM by opening the reflux valve. 3. Regularly check the sewage situation in the pool, inspect the condition of the flocs formed by the reaction in the pool, and adjust the dosage of drugs. If the flocs are small, more PAM should be added. The operating procedures for pressurized dissolved air flotation process. The pressurized dissolved air flotation system is a method of combining the flocs formed in the reaction tank with small bubbles to float up under buoyancy, thereby achieving the goal of removing CODcr, BOD5, SS (suspended solids in water), etc. 1. Start the reflux water pump and inject the reflux water into the container tank. The water level in the tank must be higher than half of the volume of the container tank. Then add compressed air and mix the air and water in the dissolved air tank for about 10 minutes. When the dissolved water reaches a milky white color, it is qualified. The pressure gauge should be controlled at around 0.3-0.4 MPa. When the floating slag is between 50-100mm, press the button to turn on the scraper and scrape the floating slag into the slag collection tank. When the amount of slag in the slag collection tank reaches a certain level, raise the overflow gate of the air flotation tank to raise the water level and flush the slag collection tank. After flushing, lower the valve to the normal working water level. The operating procedures of the aeration biochemical tank. The aeration biochemical system mainly purifies wastewater by utilizing the adsorption, oxidation, and reduction processes of microorganisms in activated sludge to oxidize and decompose complex macromolecular organic matter into simple inorganic substances under aerobic conditions. 1. Adjust the aeration rate according to the specific situation, and adjust the intake air volume by controlling each valve. 2. The aeration tank should be controlled by adjusting the sludge load, sludge age, or sludge concentration. 3. The dissolved oxygen at the outlet of the aeration tank should be 2mg/l. 4. It is necessary to regularly observe the biological phase of activated sludge, the transparency of the supernatant, the color, state, odor, etc. of the sludge, and regularly test and calculate relevant items that reflect the characteristics of the sludge. 5. Abnormal phenomena such as sludge expansion and sludge floating caused by changes in water temperature, water quality, or the operation mode of the aeration tank in the sedimentation tank should be analyzed for the reasons, and the system operating conditions should be adjusted according to the specific situation, and appropriate measures should be taken to restore normal operation. When the water temperature in the aeration tank is low, appropriate measures should be taken to extend the aeration time, increase the sludge concentration, increase the sludge age, or other methods to ensure the treatment effect of sewage. 7. When foam and scum are produced in the aeration tank, the reason shall be analyzed according to the color of foam, and corresponding measures shall be taken to restore to normal. Turn on the defoaming water pump according to the situation and sprinkle defoaming agent. 8. Add nutrients to the biochemical tank according to the sludge situation, generally based on BOD5: N:P=100: 5: Add 1 proportion of nutrient source. The N source is urea, and the P source is sodium phosphate or disodium hydrogen phosphate.
Operating procedures for sedimentation tank: 1. Regularly inspect the sedimentation effect of the sedimentation tank, such as the turbidity of the effluent, the height of the mud surface, the state of suspended solids in the sedimentation, and the floating mud or scum on the water surface. Check whether the pipeline accessories and sludge scraping devices are normal, whether the outflow of each weir is uniform, whether the weir mouth is severely blocked, and clean the debris and floating objects intercepted in the effluent weir and water tank. 2. Timely discharge the sludge based on the sludge production and storage time, with a general storage time of 2-4 hours. Use valves to control the amount of returned sludge, and transfer the remaining sludge into the sludge concentration tank. Control the ratio of returned sludge to net discharged sludge. The discharge amount of sludge from the sedimentation tank can be determined based on the sludge settling ratio, the concentration of mixed sludge, and the height of the secondary sedimentation tank mud surface. 3. Observe the effluent quality of the sedimentation tank and do not allow sludge floating in the sedimentation tank. The thickness of the clear liquid on the sedimentation tank is generally around 0.5-0.7 meters. When the water level in the discharge tank is equal to the water level in the secondary reaction tank, start the water pump to pump water into the secondary air flotation tank for slag water separation. When the water level in the discharge tank drops to 10cm from the bottom of the tank, stop running the pump. The air pipe valve leading into the pool is always open, keeping the water in the pool in a stirred state. The operating procedures for filtration and backwashing processes mainly deal with residual CODcr, BOD5, small SS components, and synthetic detergents in water after physical, chemical, and biochemical treatment. The filtration uses pebbles as the bottom support packing, quartz sand as the middle part, and activated carbon as the upper packing. Due to the saturation of the filter material after a period of operation, the adsorption effect of the filter layer will deteriorate, resulting in a decrease in the effluent quality. Therefore, backwashing is necessary to restore the activity of the filter material. 1. Close the top inlet valve and bottom outlet valve of the filtration tank, and open the backwash inlet valve. 2. Start the backwash pump and backwash for 12 minutes. 3. Turn off the backwash pump, open the top inlet valve and bottom outlet valve of the filter tank, close the backwash outlet valve, and the backwash is complete. Operating Procedures for Sludge Thickening Tank The sludge thickening tank is used to concentrate the remaining sludge in the sedimentation tank, and the concentration will affect the treatment effect of the dewatering machine. 1. Observe whether the outflow from each weir outlet is uniform, and keep the weir and water tank unobstructed and clean. 2. Turn on the sludge dewatering pump and filter press according to the actual situation to carry out sludge dewatering. The moisture content of the effluent from the concentration tank should be controlled between 95-97%.
Sludge dewatering operation management: When using mechanical equipment for sludge dewatering, appropriate chemical regulators such as PAC or PAM should be selected. The dosage of chemical regulators should be determined through experiments based on factors such as sludge properties and solid concentration. 3. After the sludge dewatering is completed, the equipment and filter cloth should be washed clean immediately, otherwise it will be very difficult to wash after the accumulated sludge dries. Blower operation management
According to the oxygen requirements of the aeration tank, the air volume of the blower should be adjusted. When there is a sudden power outage or other abnormal phenomenon in the fan and water/oil cooling system, immediate measures should be taken to ensure that the fan does not malfunction. 3. The ventilation corridor of the blower should be kept clean and no objects are allowed. During the operation of the fan, the operator should pay attention to observing the air pressure, oil temperature, oil pressure, air volume, current and voltage of the fan and motor, and record them in a timely manner. When encountering abnormal situations that cannot be ruled out, the machine should be stopped immediately. 5. It is necessary to regularly check whether the cooling and lubrication systems are unobstructed, and whether the temperature, pressure, and flow rate meet the requirements. The operation management of cooling towers aims to lower the water temperature to a temperature suitable for microbial growth and improve the ability of microorganisms to degrade organic matter in wastewater. 1. Operate the cooling tower according to the water temperature of the neutralization tank. When the water temperature in the neutralization tank is higher than 30 ℃, start the cooling pump. Otherwise, do not start it. When the fan and pump are running simultaneously, the valve should be gradually opened to adjust the water flow to the appropriate position to avoid excessive water flow and water outflow. Use the appropriate water level mark on the receiving bucket inside the cooling tower to confirm the appropriate water level. Preparation of drugs: 1. Close the connecting valve between the FeSO4 and PAC barrels, pour the drugs into the drug tank, add water while stirring, and open the connecting valve after the drugs are completely dissolved. Use natural pressure to press the drugs into another barrel, and close the connecting valve when starting the pump. It is necessary to clean the medicine tank at regular intervals to avoid blockage. 2. Open the tap water valve with H2SO4 or NaOH, add water to half the volume, and then turn on the pump to add H2SO4 or NaOH until the bucket is full. Be sure to fill the water first and then the medicine. Abnormal problems and solutions of sedimentation tank: (1) The presence of small suspended particles in the effluent indicates poor local sedimentation effect in the sedimentation tank, which can be caused by water load shock or long-term overload; Due to the short flow, the residence time was reduced, resulting in the flocs flowing out of the weir before settling; Excessive aeration of activated sludge in the aeration tank causes the sludge to self oxidize and disintegrate. The solution is to adjust the uneven distribution of inlet and outlet water facilities, reduce the impact of shock loads, and help overcome short flow; Adjust the operating parameters of the aeration tank to improve the coagulation performance of sludge, such as supplementing when nutrient deficiency occurs, shortening the aging of sludge when the sludge age is too long, and adjusting the aeration rate when excessive aeration occurs; The impact of evenly distributing the load of clear liquid on the concentration tank and the impact of the load of residual sludge entering the primary sedimentation tank. (2) The effluent weir is dirty and the effluent is uneven
Due to sludge adhesion, algae growth on the weir, or floating debris stuck on the weir mouth, the effluent weir is very dirty, and even some weir mouths are blocked and the effluent is uneven. The solution is to regularly remove the dirt stuck at the outlet of the weir; Properly adding chlorine and detoxification to prevent the growth and accumulation of sludge and algae at the weir mouth. (3) Sludge floating up
The reasons for sludge flotation include: prolonged sludge retention time and organic matter * *; Denitrification of sludge in the sedimentation tank reduces it to N2 and causes the sludge to float up. The solution is to ensure normal storage and sludge discharge time; Check for malfunctions in the sludge discharge equipment; Remove sludge from the inner wall, components, or certain dead corners of the sedimentation tank; Reduce the degree of nitrification of sludge in aerobic treatment systems; If the sludge reflux rate is increased and the sludge age is adjusted; Prevent other structures from corroding and sludge from entering. (4) Scraper malfunction: The scraper stops running due to excessive load and other reasons. The solution is to reduce the mud storage time and decrease the amount of mud stored; Check if the scraper is stuck by bricks, tools, or loose parts; Timely replace damaged steel wire ropes, scraper plates, and other components; Prevent the surface of the sedimentation tank from freezing; Slow down the speed of the mud scraper. Abnormal problems and solutions of activated sludge (1) The phenomenon of sludge not increasing or decreasing
The sludge volume does not increase for a long time or quickly decreases after increasing, mainly due to insufficient or severe imbalance of nutrients required by the sludge; The poor flocculation of sludge is lost with the outflow of water; Excessive aeration leads to self oxidation of sludge. The solution is to improve the sedimentation effect and prevent sludge loss, such as directly settling the sludge in the aeration tank or adding a small amount of flocculant; Inject sufficient nutrients, increase the inflow, add nutrients (supplement C, N, or P), or high concentration easily metabolized wastewater; Reasonably controlling the aeration rate should be adjusted according to the sludge volume and dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration tank. (2) Excessive or insufficient dissolved oxygen in the aeration tank may be due to sludge poisoning, or low sludge concentration and load during the initial training stage; The low DO of the aeration tank may be due to low sludge discharge, high sludge concentration in the aeration tank, or high sludge load with high oxygen demand. In the above situation, adjustments should be made according to the actual situation, such as adjusting the inlet water quality, sludge discharge, aeration rate, etc. (3) The phenomenon of sludge disintegration is characterized by turbidity of water quality, dissolution of flocs, and reduced treatment efficiency. The reasons for this phenomenon during operation include sludge poisoning, damage or disappearance of microbial metabolic functions, and loss of purification and flocculation activity of sludge. In most cases, it is caused by accidental discharge of sewage, which should be overcome in production or partially pretreated; During normal operation, if the treated water volume or sewage concentration remains low for a long time while the aeration rate is still at the normal value, excessive aeration may occur, causing excessive self oxidation of sludge, decreased coagulation performance of microbial flocs, sludge disintegration, and further partial or complete loss of sludge activity. At this point, the aeration rate should be adjusted or only a portion of the aeration tank should be operated.
